​References Related to Plants

American Elm

"American Elm." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000. 419.

American Elm Fruit http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/galleries/science/botany_a-e.htm

Culpeper, Nicholas. Culpeper’s Complete Herbal & English Physician. 1826. Leicester: Magna Books Edition, 1992. 55.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

"Ulmus americana." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ULAM.

American Holly

"American Holly." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000.

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfred C. Kinsey. Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America. Ed. Reed C. Rollins. New York: Harper & Row, 1958. 265.

"Ilex opaca Aiton." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ILOP.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

American Sycamore

"American Sycamore." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 1980.

Couplan, Francois. "Platanaceae." The Encyclopedia of Edible Plants of North America. New Canaan: Keats, 1998.

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfred C. Kinsey. Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America. Ed. Reed C. Rollins. New York: Harper & Row, 1958. 228.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://www.umd.umich.edu/index.html.

"Ulmus americana." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ULAM.

Arrow Arum (Tuckahoe)

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfred C. Kinsey. "Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958. 113-116.

"Peltandra Virginica - (L.)Schott." Plants for a Future. June 2004. 17 July 2007 http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Peltandra+virginica.

"Peltandra Virginica." Aquatic, Wetland and Invasive Plant Particulars and Photographs. 2007. University of Florida, Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. 17 July 2007 http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/peltpic.html.

"Plant of the Week 10/11/2004." Killer Plants. 17 July 2007 http://www.killerplants.com/plant-of-theweek/20041011.asp.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 258.

Black Walnut

"Juglans nigra L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=JUNI.

Leach, Charles. Colonial Uses of Nut Trees. Accokeek: Accokeek Foundation, Inc., 1984. 13-15.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, 1997. 257.

Broadleaf Cattail

"Common Cattail." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Wildflowers- Eastern Region. New York:Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2001.

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfred C. Kinsey. "Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958.

Foster, Steven, and James A. Duke. Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://www.umd.umich.edu/index.html.

Peterson, Lee A. A Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants: Eastern and Central America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977. 220.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 262.

Woodward, Marcus, ed. "Of Cats-taile." Gerard’s Herbal: the History of Plants. 1927. New York: Crescent Books, 1985. 17-18.

Common Greenbrier

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfed C. Kinsey. "Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958. 141-143.

Foster, Steven, and James A. Duke. Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 262.

"Smilax rotundifolia L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SMRO.

Common Milkweed

"Asclepias syriaca L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 29 June 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ASSY.

"Common Milkweed." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Wildflowers- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2001. 360-361.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan - Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 253.

Dandelion

Culpeper, Nicholas. Culpeper’s Complete Herbal & English Physician. 1826. Leicester: Magna Books Edition, 1992. 50.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

"Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TAOF.

Devil's Walking Stick

"Aralia Spinosa L." Oklahoma Biological Survey. 8 Sept. 1999. University of Oklahoma. 3 Aug. 2007 http://www.biosurvey.ou.edu/shrub/arsp2.htm.

"Aralia spinosa L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 3 Aug. 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ARSP2.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 253.

University of Michigan – Dearborn, “Native American Ethnobotany”, A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived from Plants, 7/9/07 - http://herb.umd.umich.edu/

Eastern Red Cedar

"Eastern Redcedar." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 257.

Flowering Dogwood

"Cornus florida L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 1 Aug. 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=COFL2.

"Dogwood." Everything2. 25 May 2002. The Everything Development Company. 1 Aug. 2007 http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=226165.

"Flowering Dogwood." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York:Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000. 615-616.

Grieve, M. "American Boxwood." A Modern Herbal. 2007. Botanical.com. 1 Aug. 2007 http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/boxwoa68.html.

Little, Elbert L. Field Guide to Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc, 1980. 615-616.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan - Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 254.

Swann, Hope. Telephone interview. 01 Aug. 2007.

Jewelweed

"Impatiens capensis Meerb." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 29 June 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=IMCA.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 256.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan - Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

Saunders, Charles F. Edible and Useful Wild Plants of the United States and Canada. New York: Dover Publications, Inc, 1948. 140.

"Spotted Touch-me-not." National Audubon Society Field

Narrow Leaf Cattail

"Common Cattail." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Wildflowers- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2001.

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfred C. Kinsey. "Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958.

Foster, Steven, and James A. Duke. Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 237-263.

Woodward, Marcus, ed. "Of Cats-taile." Gerard’s Herbal: the History of Plants. 1927. New York: Crescent Books, 1985. 17-18.

Pawpaw

"Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ASTR.

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfed C. Kinsey. "Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958. 205-206.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://www.umd.umich.edu/index.html.

"Pawpaw." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000. 446-447.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 253

Persimmon

"Diospyros virginiana L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DIVI5.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

"Persimmon." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 1980. 635-636.

Peterson, Lee A. A Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants: Eastern and Central America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977. 194.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, 1997. 254.

Phragmites

"Giant Reed." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Wildflowers- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2001. 688.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

Peterson, Lee A. A Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants: Eastern and Central America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977. 228.

"Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PHAU7.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997.

Poison Ivy

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

"Poison Ivy." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Wildflowers- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2001. 336.

Red Maple

"Acer rubrum L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ACRU.

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfred C. Kinsey. "Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958. 267.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

"Red Maple." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000. 577-578.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997.

Red Oak

Leach, Charles. Colonial Uses of Nut Trees. Accokeek: Accokeek Foundation, Inc., 1984.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/.

"Northern Red Oak" National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000. 407-408.

"Quercus rubra L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=QURU.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University of Virginia, 1997.

Swamp Rose Mallow

Foster, Steven, and James A. Duke. Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990. 144.

"Hibiscus L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HIBIS2.

"Hibiscus Moscheutos." Floridata. 4 Oct. 1998. 6 July 2007. http://www.floridata.com/ref/H/hibisc_m.cfm.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan - Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

"Swamp Rose Mallow." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Wildflowers- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2001. 628.

Sweet Gum

"American Elm." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000. 453-454.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfed C. Kinsey. "Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958. 228.

Trumpet Vine

"Campsis Radicans (L.) Seem. Ex Bureau." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 21 June 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CARA2.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan - Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

"Trumpet Creeper." National Audubon Society Field

Tulip Poplar

Foster, Steven, and James A. Duke. Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990. 278.

"Liriodendron tulipifera L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LITU.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan - Dearborn News. 9 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

"Yellow-poplar." National Audubon Society Field Guide to Trees- Eastern Region. New York: Alfred a. Knopf, Inc., 2000. 436-437.

Virginia Creeper

Illinois Wildflowers. "Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)." ​​https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/va_creeper.htm.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan - Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

"Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PAQU2.

Wild Garlic

"Allium vineale L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 29 June 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ALVI.

"Allium Vineale." Plants for a Future. June 2004. 5 July 2007 http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgibin/arr_html?Allium+vineale.

Culpeper, Nicholas. Culpeper’s Complete Herbal & English Physician. 1826. Leicester: Magna Books Edition, 1992. 66-67.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://www.umd.umich.edu/index.html.

"Weed of the Week: Wild Garlic." Invasive Plants Website. 24 June 2006. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 5 July 2007 http://www.na.fs.fed.us/fhp/invasive_plants/weeds/wildgarlic.pdf.

Wild White Clover

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/.

"Trifolium repens L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007  https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TRRE3.

Willow Oak

Fernald, Merritt L., and Alfed C. Kinsey. "Edible Wild Plants of Eastern North America." New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1958.

Foster, Steven, and James A. Duke. Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990.

Leach, Charles. Colonial Uses of Nut Trees. Accokeek: Accokeek Foundation, Inc., 1984.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl.

Peterson, Lee A. A Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants: Eastern and Central America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1977. 220.

"Quercus phellos L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=QUPH.

Rountree, Helen C., and Thomas E. Davidson. Eastern Shore Indians of Virginia and Maryland. Charlottesville: University P of Virginia, 1997. 237-263.

Wood Strawberry

"Fragaria vesca L." Natural Resource Conservation Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 17 July 2007 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=FRVE.

Leach, Charles. Colonial Berries. Accokeek: Accokeek Foundation, Inc., 1983. 9-10.

Moerman, Dan. "A Database of Foods, Drugs, Dyes and Fibers of Native American Peoples, Derived From Plants." Native American Ethnobotany. 14 May 2003. University of Michigan -Dearborn News. 17 July 2007 http://herb.umd.umich.edu/.

"Wild Strawberry." Edible and Medicinal Plants. 30 Mar. 2000. USDA Forest Service. 15 June 2007 http://www.fs.fed.us/ipnf/eco/yourforest/edibleplants/strawberry.html.